What is Encapsulation

Encapsulation in the mechanism that binds together code and data and that leaps both safe from outside interference or misuse. It also allows the creation of an object. More simply, an object in a logical entity that encapsulate both data and the code that manipulators that data.

Within an object, some of the code and/ or data may be private to the objected and in accessible to anything outside the object. In this way and object provides a significant level of protection against some other unrelated part of the program accidentally modifying or incorrectly using the private parts of the object.

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CIVIL SERVICES' (I.A.S.) EXAMINATION

The Union Public Service Commission (U.P.S.C.) conducts Civil Services' Examination once a year in two stages. The Preliminary Examination (Objective Type) for selection of candidates for the Main Examination is held in the month of May. The Civil Services Main Examination is held in the months of October/November. Blank application forms and other particulars are published in the Employment News, generally in the month of December. The last date for the submission of applications to the Secretary, Union Public Service Commission, Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road, NewDelhi-11001 1 is usually the last week of January of the year of examination. The Combined Civil Services Examination is conducted for Recruitment to the following Services/Posts: 1. Indian Administrative Service. 2. Indian Foreign Service. 3. Indian Police Service. 4. Indian P & T Accounts & Finance Service, Group 'A'. 5. Indian Audit and Accounts Service, Group 'A'. 6. Indian Customs and Centr

Predict the output or error(s) for the following:

1 . void main(){ int const * p=5; printf("%d",++(*p)); } Answer: Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value. Explanation: p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried tochange the value of the "constant integer". 2. main() { char s[ ]="man"; int i; for(i=0;s[ i ];i++) printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[i],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]); } Answer: mmmm aaaa nnnn Explanation: s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea. Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i]. i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i]. 3 . main(){ float me = 1.1; double you = 1.1; if(me==you) printf("I love U"); else printf("I hate U"); } Answer: I hate U Explanation : For floating point numbers (float, double, long double)

AGRICULTURAL SCIENTIST RECRUITMENT BOARD

Agricultural Research Service National Eligibility Test/ Senior Research Fellowship Examination The Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Board (ASRB) holds a Competitive Examination for recruiting Scientists of the ARS in the pay scale of Rs. 8,000-13,500 in the ICAR Institutes, combined with National Eligibility Test (NET) for recruitment of Lecturers and Assistant Professors by the State Agricultural Universities (SAUS) and for award of ICAR Senior Research Fellowships. The selected candidates for Agricultural Research Service must serve in the institutes to which they are posted until they find appointment for higher positions through selection at other institutes. (i) Candidates successful in ARS are appointed as Scientists in the Indian Council of Agricultural Research in the pay scale of Rs. 8,000-13,500. (ii) Candidates clearing the National Eligibility Test are recommended to various State Agricultural Universities who will consider them for appointment as Lecturers or A

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